Importance of greenhouse site selection and construction
A specific type of structure that regulates the indoor environment by covering it with a transparent or translucent lid. The scientific approach of preparing vegetables, flowers and dharu in a single season is called a greenhouse. In a tropical country like India, there is often no conducive environment for crop production throughout the year. The greenhouse is a blessing in disguise for controlling adverse weather conditions such as extreme cold, extreme heat, intense light, excessive rainfall or water shortages, snowfall, strong winds as well as severe pest infestations. In this greenhouse, carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene gas are regulated as required. This method is initially costly, meaning only expensive crops that cannot be grown in the open air and are grown to maintain certain standards required for export or to be processed and value added.
Benefits of a greenhouse:
- Any type of plant can be grown anywhere.
- Plants can be grown at any time of the year. (Off season)
- Healthy good quality, exportable plants can be produced.
- Diseases - It is easier to protect against pests.
- Planting plants becomes easier. Nurseries can be done easily. (Indoor plants)
- Greenhouses are expensive in the beginning but have good benefits in the long run.
- Extra income can be earned in less land.
- Unconventional (English) vegetables can be grown.
- Prepared a greenhouse on the terrace of the house, did kitchen gardening and got daily vegetables.
- Greenhouse crops have good production sustainability.
- Employment opportunities can be increased.
- Common methods of augmentation and tissue culture can be used to grow new plants and harden the prepared plants.
What crops can be grown
- The following vegetables, ornamental flowers, fruits and ayurvedic crops can be grown in a protected environment.
- Vegetables: Tomato, cucumber, lettuce, chilli, capsicum varieties, oats in winter and coriander, fenugreek in summer etc.
- Cold vegetables: broccoli, parsley, asparagus, brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, leeks, thyme, celery, babycorn, etc.
- Fruits: Strawberries, grapes etc.
- Ornamental Plants: Hybrid Roses, Chrysanthemums, Funda Plants, Gerberas, Gypsophilia, Carnations, Difenbeckia, Maranta, Aglonima, Coleus, Monstera, Alpenia etc.
A greenhouse is a specific type of structure with a frame covered with a transparent or translucent covering of plastic, polyethylene or glass in which the indoor environment can be modified according to the needs of the crop The main advantage of this is that more flowers or ornamental plants as well as vegetables can be produced from a small area for many months. Also good quality flowers can be grown. At present, greenhouse is considered as a very important organ for floriculture in Gujarat. In our state, high temperature, erratic rainfall, excessive intense sunlight as well as fluctuations in the percentage of humidity in the air have adverse effects on the crop production of flowers. In such a heterogeneous situation, good quality pathogen free flowers can be obtained by controlling the indoor environmental factors through the greenhouse. The price of flowers in winter season is much lower than in summer season. So that in the summer season, by cultivating the flowers of cutflowers through the greenhouse, the price can be obtained and more foreign exchange can be obtained by exporting abroad.
Things to keep in mind while choosing a place:
- The place should be higher than the surrounding space. The slope of the land should be such that rainwater is well drained in monsoon and sewerage should also be provided for rainwater disposal.
- The quality of drinking water should be good i.e. its pH. PP to 8.0 and Electrical Condition (EC) 0.4 to 0.3 DS. / M. Should be.
- If canal water is available on the site selection, it will be more desirable.
- The greenhouse should always be away from large trees and buildings so as not to obstruct sunlight.
- The place should be pollution free and there should not be any kind of industry around.
Directions: Single span greenhouses can be erected in any direction. Also the multing span greenhouse is erected in the north south direction. So that sunlight can be found satisfactorily on every part of it. Types of greenhouses:
There are various designs of greenhouses in India. Of which four types of greenhouses have more fame. Simple greenhouse, low cost greenhouse, medium cost greenhouse and high cost greenhouse. The main costs in constructing a greenhouse depend on the preparation of the structure, cost of electricity and water control system. The structure is mainly made of polyethylene sheet, acrylic sheet, galvanized pipe etc. Electric costs typically include ventilation fans, electric pumps for water, electricity and their control units. In addition water system uses drip system, micro sprinkler, fogger, exhaust fan and filling pad.
Plain greenhouse :.
This type of greenhouse is less expensive. Which can be made from items found in the local market. The structure of this type of greenhouse is made of bamboo and covered with polyethylene sheets. Greenhouses are lined with windows or roofs covered with green or black plastic nets or pieces of linen for ventilation. Plain greenhouses are especially convenient where there is little heat. In this type of greenhouse, seasonal flowers
Basic requirement of concrete for construction of greenhouse:
- The foundation should be able to withstand the load of the greenhouse safely on the ground as the pressure on it feels like wind force.
- 35 cm from the ground surface. A deep foundation of 1 foot should be made.
- The foundation should be firmly built.
- The base plot (5 inch diameter) is welded under the GI pipe going to the base.
Greenhouse construction:
Ventilation should be more effective. Ventilation should be kept open on the side of the wall and in the room where the average maximum temperature is 280C. It is necessary to make ventilation of Mobha where there is more than.
Ventilation should be kept permanently open in warm and humid thematic climates.
Ventilation should be kept off in polar areas to protect plants from extremely low temperatures.
If necessary, install nets on ventilation to prevent birds and insects from entering.
The ground floor should be larger than the size of the greenhouse and should be designed so that no rats or other animals can enter.
Drainage is required to dispose of rainwater.
The gutter should be at least 2.5 meters high.
The side walls should be covered by the roof of the greenhouse. So that water can stop entering the greenhouse.
The construction of the greenhouse should be aerodynamically shaped so that it can provide adequate protection against wind i.e. the northern and southern part of it should have a harkeyistic corridor.
The construction of the foundation should be guaranteed, resistant to wind and non-corrosive. The plastic film should be resistant to wind. It should be tied tightly.
In areas where high wages have to be paid, the film should be made in a simple manner.
Plastic film that can last at least two years should also be used where there is a high degree of radiation.
Parts that use iron need to be insulated to protect them from the sun's rays. White plastic strips or white paint are used for this.
The width of the plastic film varies according to the fabrication made in that country. East-west stretch film should be used for small or large greenhouses.
Water saving irrigation should be adopted so that the humidity in the air does not increase and diseases do not spread.
Greenhouses should be selected where canal water is available as the quality of canal water is very good and if we store this water in the pond and use it for irrigation. O. There is no need for a plant. Ponds need to use polyethylene sheets so that the stored water does not seep into the ground.